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Department of Botany, University of Baluchistan, Pakistan. Abstract-- The reported study was performed to address the apricot, peach, Grapes, Raisins, apple, pear and Sweet Fruit nutritional analysis viz. Citrus is a weak organic acid which occurs acid contents of various fruit juices. The fruit juices that were naturally. It can be easily manufactured and easily soluble.
It tested included orange, Sweet lime, Lemon and grape. The fruit is used as flavoring agent and increase the stability of the fruit. The samples were washed with compounds found in nature. There are many different distilled water and were kept at room temperature. The selected physiochemical characteristics of the fruits were then evaluated analytical techniques for the evaluation of carbohydrates on the same day.
The results for all the selected physiochemical Blanco et al. Being an acidic fruit lemon contained highest concentration of citric acid Citrus sinus is the botanical name of orange and is ever green as compared to other fruits but in contrast grapes and orange fruit Pereira, Oranges are one of the most widely used were found to be highly rich in contents of total soluble solids fruits in the world.
They are available in most of the countries respectively. It is concluded from the study that all the fruits of the world. It is known as one of the best citrus fruits which were highly juicy but lemon were found as a rich source of citric is rich in vitamin C. Oranges are sweet as well bitter in taste acid and grapes and orange can be used as a rich source of sugar. Nagy et al. Oranges contain different type of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and have a quite high Index Term-- Sugar, Citric acid, juice content, brix value, nutritional value than other fruits Rampersaud, Orange is a fruit of warm climate.
It has a The flowering plants which possess seeds produce fruits variation of taste Elizbietaet al. There are different which are beneficial for health. Fruits are ready and rich uses of oranges such as the waste of orange can be used as source of fibers, vitamins, minerals and anti-oxidants water animal feed. It is also used as a flavoring agent.
It is used as a and vitamin C at a high content Usha, Many people skin bleaching agent. Except these uses there is some medical consume juice of fruits daily considering it beneficial for importance as well.
Orange and its juice are use as energetic health France, They are considered as good food drinks. It gives relief when someone is exposed to heat Braun supplement because they contain high amount of and Cohen, It is an excellent anti-oxidant. The juice of carbohydrates, sugars, water different vitamins which include ripened orange is good for all types of fever.
Calcium, Megnesium and iron. Symptoms included hair loss, difficulty breathing and rash- es. A study examined potential citric acid exposure and toxicity to Hawaiian hoary bats Lasiurus cinereus semotus associated with the control of invasive non-native frog species. The study concluded that the bats were not likely to be harmed based on the low toxicity, application method and application rate Pitt et al.
Based on its low toxicity, widespread natural occurrence and the minor nature of the adverse effects on non-target organisms, the EPA concluded that citric acid has a favorable ecological profile and that no additional data are needed for its use as an active ingredient in EPA registered pesticide products Gowda There is no plan to require those data gaps to be filled Harrigan-Ferrelly a.
The decision was based on its natural occurrence, com- mon use as a food item, lack of significant toxicity and reported adverse incidents. Estimated values for environmental fate, ecological exposure and environmental expression based on the chemical and physi- cal properties are reported in Table 6. Soil samples contaminated with heavy metals were treated with citric acid, malic acid, or humic acid to enhance the ability of plants to take up elemental pollutants and thereby decontaminate soils.
All treatments showed a significant increase in uptake of lead, cadmium and chromium by canola Brassica rapae grown in the control soil Ebrahimian and Bybordi Trials with 11 different plant species used to draw lead from contaminated soil showed mixed results with lead translocation from soils treated with citric acid Shahid et al.
Leymus chinensis plants—a grass native to arid and alkali conditions—were observed to have lower stress grown in alkali or saline soils following exogenous application of citric acid Sun and Hong Fine dust dispersed in air may ignite.
Risk of ignition followed by flame propagation or secondary explo- sions should be prevented by avoiding accumulation of dust ADM The specifics of the incidents were not known. Efficacy Anti-microbial and Fungicidal Activity Most efficacy studies of citric acid involve formulations with other active ingredients. The EPA reviewed efficacy data and public health claims for EPA registered non-exempt pesticide for- mulations with citric acid as an active ingredient. A subsequent study with a reduced dose of 3.
Tissues impregnated with 7. That determination followed a previous review of another formulation that showed efficacy but was insufficient to support a public health claim Mitchell b. The product showed sufficient efficacy against the human pathogens Staphylococ- cus aureus, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomona aeruginosa to have its label approved for making public health claims Blackburn On the other hand, another product formulated with citric acid as its only active ingredient failed to provide acceptable data supporting efficacy against gram-negative bacteria Barsoum Citric and malic acid are claimed in a patent to enhance the efficacy of copper-based fungicides Tate Other products and active ingredients in the trial that were less effective included Matran II Citric acid is also effective as a synergist.
Another study looked at various complexing agents that increased the efficacy of the herbicides dichlor- prop and glyphosate on common bean Phaseolus vulgaris , quackgrass Agropyron repens , and chickweed Stellaria media. Citric acid enhanced herbicidal activity more than acetic, succinic, propionic, sulfuric, or formic acids Turner and Loader However, orthophosphoric acid was the most effective acid at enhancing herbicidal effects, and malic, oxalic, tartaric, and glycolic acid all were similar to citric in their efficacy.
Insecticidal Activity For control of the migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes , citric acid is comparable in its efficacy to Beauvaria bassiana.
Grasshoppers treated with citric acid alone had an LT50 of 7. Citric acid and B. Vertebrate Pest Activity Citric acid is also used to control amphibians. Citric acid is the only pesticide approved for frog control in Hawaii Pitt The mode of action is not entirely explained.
Other Regulatory Requirements Citric acid is allowed for organic production provided it comes from a non-synthetic source. Prohibited sources of citric acid include those that are synthetically produced [7 CFR Literature Cited Abouziena, Hussein F. Omar, Shiv D. Sharma, and Megh Singh. Barsoum, Ibrahim. Blackburn, Taja. Blackwell, Ian. Gowda, Srivinas. Three bamboo particles, i. Citric acid contents were set at 0, 15 and 30 wt. Two classifications of petung bamboo particle sizes coarse and fine particles were used in this research.
The particleboards were also made as single layer and three layer boards with variation of layer compositions. The results showed that addition of citric acid could significantly improve the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the boards, while bamboo species did not significantly affect the properties of boards.
Fine particles provided higher internal bond strength of the particleboard than coarse particles, due to bigger contact area among fine particles. Single layer particleboard provided higher internal bond strength compared to the three layer ones. The properties of citric acid-bonded bamboo particleboard in this research could meet the requirements of the Japanese Industrial Standard for particleboard A As a result of reaction between citric acid and bamboo, good properties of particleboards could be obtained.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Rent this article via DeepDyve. Bamboo Phylogeny Group An updated tribal and subtribal classification of the bamboos Poaceae: Bambusoideae. Google Scholar. J Polym Mater — In: Proceedings international symposium new technologies and materials in industries based on the forestry sector, pp 85— Hiziroglu S, Suzuki S Evaluation of surface roughness of commercially manufactured particleboard and medium density fiberboard in Japan.
J Mater Process Technol — Build Environ — Article Google Scholar. Japanese Standard Association, Tokyo. Okuda N, Sato M Manufacture and mechanical properties of binderless boards from kenaf core. J Wood Sci —
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